Acroqueratoelastoidosis de Costa / Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa

La acroqueratoelastoidosis de Costa es una genodermatosisde herencia autosónimica dominante con penetrancia incompleta. Es un trastorno de las fibras elásticas exclusivamente cutáneo y a nivel acral. Se caracteriza por la presencia de pápulas eritematosas, amarillentas o del color de la piel normal en la cara marginal de los dedos de las manos o de los pies, que se agrupan, forman placas con aspecto de empedrado y se extienden de forma simétrica al dorso, las palmas y las plantas. El hallazgo histológico patognomónico es la elastorrexis. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 7 años con una acroqueratoelastoidosis que comprometía las manos y los pies, asociada a prurito.

Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa is a genodermatosis of autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance.It is a cutaneous disorder of the elastic fibers at the acral level.The clinical feature is the presence of erythematous, yellowish or normal skin-colored papules on the marginal aspect of the fingers and/or toes, which agminate to form cobblestone-like plaques and extend symmetrically to the dorsum and palms and soles. The pathognomonic histologic finding is elastorrhexis. We present a 7-year-old boy with acrokeratoelastoidosis involving hands and feet, associated with pruritus.

Osteonevus of Nanta: a case report in a combined melanocytic nevus

Abstract Secondary osteoma cutis is a phenomenon that may occur in several conditions. When it occurs in a melanocytic nevus it is named osteonevus of Nanta, an event considered uncommon and characterized by the presence of bone formation adjacent or interposed with melanocytic cells. There are reports of its occurrence in various melanocytic lesions, being more frequently associated with intradermal nevus. We report a case of osteonevus of Nanta in combined nevus, possibly the first description of this association.

Trichoscopy findings in dissecting cellulitis

Abstract Dissecting cellulitis is an inflammatory, chronic, and recurrent disease of the hair follicles that mainly affects young Afro-descendent men. Trichoscopy is a method of great diagnostic value for disorders of the scalp. Clinical and trichoscopic findings of dissecting cellulitis are heterogeneous and may present features common to non-cicatricial and scarring alopecia. This article presents the trichoscopic findings of dissecting cellulitis that help in the diagnosis and consequent institution of the appropriate therapy and better prognosis of the disease.

Treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with heterologous serum / Tratamento de conjuntivite lenhosa com soro heterólogo

ABSTRACT Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic and recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis, in which thick membranes develop on the tarsal conjunctiva and on other mucosae. We report the case of a 55-year old female patient with bilateral ligneous conjunctivitis who was successfully treated with 50% heterologous serum. There was no recurrence or side effects after one-year follow-up. We suggest the use of 50% heterologous serum should be further studied to better determine its efficacy as a treatment option for ligneous conjunctivitis.

RESUMO A conjuntivite lenhosa é uma forma rara de conjuntivite bilateral crônica e recorrente, na qual há formação de membranas espessas na conjuntiva tarsal e em outras mucosas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 55 anos com conjuntivite lenhosa bilateral, que obteve sucesso no tratamento com soro heterólogo em concentração de 50%. Não houve recorrência após um ano de seguimento e nem efeitos colaterais ao tratamento. Dessa forma, o uso de soro heterólogo a 50% poderia ser mais estudado para melhor avaliação de sua eficácia como opção de tratamento para a conjuntivite lenhosa.

Eosinophilic annular erythema in adults: report of two cases and review of the literature

Abstract We herein report two cases of eosinophilic annular erythema in adults, which is rare. In both patients, lesions developed rapidly in few days and were located mainly on the trunk, buttocks, and extremities. Diagnosis was histopathological, with typical features including acute dermal inflammatory infiltrate with abundant eosinophils. One of the patients recurred after treatment on three occasions and finally cured spontaneously. The second patient recurred once and was then successfully treated with topical clobetasol. Clinical and histopathological features of eosinophilic annular erythema in adults have rarely been reported. A review of the literature and discussion of relationship with Wells syndrome are also included.

Osteoma cutis: rare painful tumor in atypical location

Abstract Osteoma cutis or cutaneous ossification is a rare entity characterized by the formation of bone in the skin. We present an isolated primary osteoma cutis located on the palm, an atypical location.

Dowling-Degos disease: a therapeutic challenge: report of a family with no response to laser treatments

La enfermedad de Dowling-Degos (DDD), conocida también como 'anomalía reticulada y pigmentada de las flexuras' es una rara genodermatosis autosómica dominante. Se caracteriza por la aparición de máculas hiperpigmentadas de configuración reticulada; afectando principalmente los grandes pliegues como las axilas e ingles. Pudiendo, además, comprometer otros pliegues como cervicales, antecubitales, submamarios e interglúteos. Otras características asociadas son las lesiones tipo comedones y los pits palmo-plantares. Presentamos el caso de una familia con enfermedad de Dowling-Degos sin respuesta al tratamiento con laser Nd:YAG y CO2. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura de los tratamientos disponibles.

Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), also known as "reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures", is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. DDD is characterized by an acquired reticular skin hyperpigmentation which begins in the axillae and groin. It later involves other body folds, including neck, inner aspects of the arms and thighs, inframammary, and intergluteal folds. Associated features include comedolike lesions on the neck or back, pitted facial or perioral scars, and epidermoid cysts. Herein we present a family (proband, mother, grandmother) with DDD that were treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser without response. Treatment options are discussed and the available literature is reviewed.

Association of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica and familial Mediterranean fever

Abstract: Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica is a rare type of primary cutaneous amyloidosis characterized by reticulate hyper-pigmentation with discrete hypopigmented macules. Up to date, about 50 cases of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica have been reported and the majority are familial cases of Asian ethnicity. Various diseases, particularly autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have been associated with amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. Herein, we report a case of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica accompanying familial Mediterranean fever with a delayed diagnosis of 40 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica and familial mediterranean fever.

Elastoma: clinical and histopathological aspects of a rare disease

Abstract Elastoma is a connective tissue nevus characterized by changes in elastic fibers. It can be congenital or acquired, and is usually diagnosed before puberty. Associated with osteopoikilosis, it is known as Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome. Histopathology with specific staining for elastic fibers is critical for a diagnostic conclusion. This report describes the case of a 7-year-old male patient with lesions diagnosed as elastoma, with absence of bone changes in the radiological imaging. This study aims to report the clinical presentation and histological examination of such unusual disease.

Histiocytoid Sweet's syndrome presenting with annular erythematous plaques

Abstract Histiocytoid Sweet's Syndrome is a rare inflammatory disease described in 2005 as a variant of the classical Sweet's Syndrome (SS). Histopathologically, the dermal inflammatory infiltrate is composed mainly of mononuclear cells that have a histiocytic appearance and represent immature myeloid cells. We describe a case of Histiocytoid Sweet's Syndrome in an 18-year-old man. Although this patient had clinical manifestations compatible with SS, the cutaneous lesions consisted of erythematous annular plaques, which are not typical for this entity and have not been described in histiocytic form so far. The histiocytic subtype was confirmed by histopathological analysis that showed positivity for myeloperoxidase in multiple cells with histiocytic appearance.

Eosinophilic annular erythema in childhood - Case report

Abstract: Eosinophilic annular erythema is a rare, benign, recurrent disease, clinically characterized by persistent, annular, erythematous lesions, revealing histopathologically perivascular infiltrates with abundant eosinophils. This report describes an unusual case of eosinophilic annular erythema in a 3-year-old female, requiring sustained doses of hydroxychloroquine to be adequately controlled.

Correlation of serum IgE levels and clinical manifestations in patients with actinic prurigo

Abstract BACKGROUND: Actinic prurigo is an idiopathic photodermatosis, the pathophysiology of which has been hypothesized to involve subtype IV type b (Th2) hypersensitive response, whereby IL4, IL5, and IL13 are secreted and mediate the production of B cells, IgE, and IgG4. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of serum IgE levels and the clinical severity of injuries. METHODS: This case-control study comprised patients with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of actinic prurigo, as well as clinically healthy subjects, from whom 3cc of peripheral blood was taken for immunoassay. Cases were classified by lesion severity as mild, moderate, and severe. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, and chi-square test was performed. RESULTS: We included 21 actinic prurigo patients and 21 subjects without disease; 11 patients with actinic prurigo had elevated serum IgE levels, and 10 had low serum levels. Six actinic prurigo (AP) patients with elevated serum levels of IgE had moderate injuries, 4 had severe injuries, and 1 had minor injuries. Eight out of 10 patients with normal IgE levels presented with minor injuries in the clinical evaluation. The 21 controls did not have increased serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated IgE levels are associated with moderate to severe clinical lesions, suggesting that actinic prurigo entails a type IV subtype b hypersensitivity response in which Th2 cells predominate.

Successful treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with topical fresh frozen plasma in an infant / Sucesso do tratamento da conjuntivite lenhosa com uso tópico de plasma fresco congelado em uma criança

ABSTRACTA 6-month-old female infant presented to our clinic with bilateral eyelid swelling, yellowish-white membranes under both lids, and mucoid ocular discharge. Her aunt had similar ocular problems that were undiagnosed. The conjunctival membranes were excised and histopathological investigation of these membranes showed ligneous conjunctivitis. Further, laboratory examination revealed plasminogen deficiency. A good response was observed to topical fresh frozen plasma (FFP) treatment without systemic therapy, and the membranes did not recur during the treatment. Topical FFP treatment may facilitate rapid rehabilitation and prevent recurrence in patients with ligneous conjunctivitis.

RESUMOUma criança feminina com seis meses de idade se apresentou à nossa clínica com edema palpebral bilateral, membranas brancas amareladas sob as pálpebras de ambos os olhos e descarga mucosa. Sua tia já havia apresentado problemas oculares semelhantes que não foram diagnosticados. As membranas conjuntivais foram excisadas e a investigação histopatológica das membranas demonstraram conjuntivite lenhosa. O diagnóstico de deficiência de plasminogênio foi obtido a partir de um exame laboratorial. Tratamento tópico com plasma fresco congelado (FFP) sem qualquer terapia sistêmica mostrou boa resposta. Não foram observadas recorrências das membranas. O tratamento tópico com FFP pode ajudar a reabilitação rápida e prevenir a recorrência em pacientes com conjuntivite lenhosa.

Doença de Dowling-Degos: apresentação clínica e histopatológica clássica / Dowling-Degos disease: classic clinical and histopathological presentation

A doença de Dowling-Degos é uma genodermatose rara que consiste numa desordem pigmentar reticulada. Caracteriza-se pela presença de máculas hiperpigmentadas nas regiões flexurais com distribuição em rede; lesões tipo comedão no dorso e na região cervical; e cicatrizes cribriformes na face, particularmente periorais. Apresentamos um caso de um paciente de 51 anos, masculino, com lesões tipo macrocomedões, cicatrizes cribriformes, cistos e máculas hipercrômicas no dorso, tórax anterior, axilas, pescoço, região genital e face. Relatava ter dois filhos, três irmãos e o pai com quadro semelhante. As biópsias de pele foram características da doença de Dowling-Degos, mostrando dilatação folicular, epiderme digitiforme, com áreas de aspecto de "chifre de veado" e focos de hiperpigmentação da camada basal.

Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare genetic disease of the skin (reticulate pigmented anomaly), clinically characterized by flexural brown pigmented reticulate macules, comedo-like papules on the back, neck and pitted perioral or facial scars. We present the case of a 51 year-old man with macrocomedo-like lesions, pitted scars, cysts, hyperpigmented macules in his back, chest, axillae, neck, groin and face. The patient reported having two children, three brothers and a father with a similar condition. The histopathology of the skin biopsies was very characteristic of Dowling-Degos disease, showing dilated follicular, fingerlike projections called rete ridges (dermal pegs), with thinning of the suprapapillary plates, resulting in an "antler-like" pattern and increased pigmentation of the basal layer.

Tumores comuns e raros do aparelho ungueal / Rare and common tumors of the nail unit

O aparelho ungueal pode ser acometido por tumores benignos e malignos, estes podem ser comuns ou raros. Tumores ungueais podem ser tardiamente diagnosticados, provavelmente, porque a unha pode esconder lesões tumorais ou mimetizar dermatoses inflamatórias.

Poiquilodermia acroqueratótica hereditaria (Weary): enfermedad inmunológica. Ubicación nosológica en una clasificación de las poiquilodermis ampollares hereditarias. Presentación de un caso con estudio inmunológico y ultraestructural / Acrokeratotic hereditary poikiloderma

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de casos de poiquilodermia Acroqueratótica Hereditaria o enfermedad de Weary (EW). Hemos concluido que dicha denominación pareciera ser usada en cuatro diferentes cuadros dermatológicos: 1) Enfermedad de Weary Acroqueratótica Hereditaria con herencia familiar autosómica dominante (EW-d); 2) Enfermedad de Weary, con herencia familiar autosómica recesiva y algunos rasgos clínicos de una EW-d asociada a manifestaciones de fotosensibilidad de un síndrome de Kindler; 3) Síndrome de Kindler-Weary (SK-W) con lesiones clínicas de un síndrome de Kindler (poliquilodermia con ampollas traumáticas y atrofia cutánea progresiva) e histopatológicas con manifestaciones liquenoides y presencia de "cuerpos citoides" de una EW-d y 4) Síndrome de Weary-Kindler con manifestaciones de una Poiquilodermia Esclerosante Hereditaria de Weary (HSP), asociada también a manifestaciones ampollares de un SK-r (WE-KS-r). Nosotros relatamos un nuevo caso clínico e histopatológico de una EW-d con presencia de "cuerpos citoides", como expresión de una reacción inmunológica mediada por células, demostrable por inmunohistoquímica. En el diagnóstico diferencial se destaca la distinta patogenia del SK que presenta una malformación displásica genética de la membrana basal electrónica (láminas lúcida y densa) y del tejido conectivo papilar dérmico con desaparición de las fibras elásticas. Nuestra revisión bibliográfica demostró que la EW-d y el SK-r representan dos "formas polares" patogénicas: una predominantemente inmunológica y la segunda malformativa displásica genética, en un amplio espectro de Poiquilodermias Ampollares Hereditarias (HAP), vinculadas con otras cuatro "formas subpolares": EW-r, SK-r, WE-KS-r y SK-d. Estas conclusiones están basadas en el análisis patogénico, clínico, histopatológico, inmunohistoquímico y ultraestructural de componentes del HAP

El espectro Dowling-Degos/Kitamura / The Dowling-Degos/Kitamura spectrum

Presentamos tres pacientes de sexo femenino con pigmentación reticulada. En la primera localizada en los pliegues, en la segunda ubicada en sitios acrales y una tercera que combinaba ambas localizaciones. Esto hablaría de un espectro de genodermatosis que va desde la enfermedad de Dowling-Degos hasta la de Kitaruma. Por ellos estamos de acuerdo con otros autores que consideran ambas entidades como distintas expresiones fenotípicas de una misma genodermatosis.